fungsi grafika dan visualisasi pada teknologi komputer

Grafika computer adalah bagian dari ilmu komputer yang berkaitan dengan pembuatan dan manipulasi gambar (visual) secara digital. Bentuk sederhana dari grafika komputer adalah grafika komputer 2D yang kemudian berkembang menjadi grafika komputer 3D, pemrosesan citra (image processing), dan pengenalan pola (pattern recognition). Grafika komputer sering dikenal juga dengan istilah visualisasi data.

Visualisasi adalah rekayasa dalam pembuatan gambar, diagram atau animasi untuk penampilan suatu informasi. Secara umum, visualisasi dalam bentuk gambar baik yang bersifat abstrak maupun nyata telah dikenal sejak awal dari peradaban manusia. Contohnya adalah lukisan-lukisan pada zaman dulu.

Pada saat ini visualisasi telah berkembang dan banyak dipakai untuk keperluan ilmu pengetahuan, rekayasa, visualisasi disain produk, pendidikan, multimedia interaktif, kedokteran, dll. Pemakaian dari grafika komputer merupakan perkembangan penting dalam dunia visualisasi. Perkembangan bidang animasi juga telah membantu banyak dalam bidang visualisasi yang lebih kompleks dan canggih.

Jadi, kesimpulannya bahwa Grafika dan Visalisai itu sangat banyak sekali fungsinya bagi kehidupan kita, terutama dalam bidang teknologi komputer.

contoh mysql1

Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]
(C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.

C:\Documents and Settings\Sainstek>cd C:\

C:\>dir
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is 8009-4AB2

Directory of C:\

03/29/2010 07:22 PM 11,055,640 $Persi0.sys
12/18/2008 05:15 AM 21,806,256 AdbeRdr813_en_US.exe
04/27/2009 09:19 AM 86,352 Animated-Wallpaper-Soft-Shines-3D_1.png
12/27/2009 10:38 AM 24 AUTOEXEC.BAT
04/28/2009 03:56 AM 0 CONFIG.SYS
02/02/2010 10:56 PM

Copy of MATLAB 7.01 CD 1
03/03/2009 02:30 PM 4,646,727 deeffreeze.exe
04/28/2009 04:25 AM 0 dfinstall.log
04/28/2009 04:03 AM Documents and Settings
01/28/2009 03:31 AM 7,430,216 Firefox Setup 3.0.5.exe
12/27/2009 10:40 AM IDAPI32
02/19/2009 08:33 AM 78,460,686 macromedia dreamweaver 8.02.zip
05/15/2009 08:27 PM 213,351 mat.dmp
10/21/2008 04:13 PM 338,483,583 office2003.zip
01/29/2010 10:04 PM oraclexe
01/29/2010 10:08 PM Program Files
02/04/2009 11:28 AM 205,758,254 vb6enterprise.rar
03/29/2010 07:45 PM WINDOWS
03/04/2009 08:13 PM 2,139,086 WRAR4.65.exe
04/28/2009 04:19 AM xampp
02/25/2009 08:44 PM 39,360,061 xampp1.6.8.rar
14 File(s) 709,440,236 bytes
7 Dir(s) 19,326,156,800 bytes free

C:\>xampp
'xampp' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

C:\>cd xampp

C:\xampp>cd mysql

C:\xampp\mysql>cd bin

C:\xampp\mysql\bin>mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.0.67-community MySQL Community Edition (GPL)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cdcol |
| mysql |
| phpmyadmin |
| test |
| webauth |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> create database milanisti;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database milanisti;
ERROR 1007 (HY000): Can't create database 'milanisti'; database exists
mysql> create database milanisti;
ERROR 1007 (HY000): Can't create database 'milanisti'; database exists
mysql> create database aink;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database aink;
ERROR 1007 (HY000): Can't create database 'aink'; database exists
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| aink |
| cdcol |
| milanisti |
| mysql |
| phpmyadmin |
| test |
| webauth |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use aink;
Database changed
mysql> shiw tables;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that
corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'shiw
tables' at line 1
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table buku (
-> id chaR(5),
-> judul char(50),
-> pengarang char(50),
-> tahun date );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

mysql> show table;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that
corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at
line 1
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_aink |
+----------------+
| buku |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc buku;
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(5) | YES | | NULL | |
| judul | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| pengarang | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| tahun | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table buku add penerbit char(50);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc buku;
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(5) | YES | | NULL | |
| judul | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| pengarang | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| tahun | date | YES | | NULL | |
| penerbit | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter tabel buku change id id char(5) primary key;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tabel buku change id id char(5) primary key' at line 1
mysql> alter table buku change id id char(5) primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc buku;
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| judul | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| pengarang | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| tahun | date | YES | | NULL | |
| penerbit | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table buku drop tahun;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc buku;
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| judul | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| pengarang | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| penerbit | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database aink;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cdcol |
| milanisti |
| mysql |
| phpmyadmin |
| test |
| webauth |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database perpustakaan;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use perpustakaan;
Database changed
mysql> create table anggota(
-> id char(5),
-> nama char(50),
-> alamat char(100),
-> JK char(1),
-> pekerjaan char(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show table;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 1
mysql> show tables;
+------------------------+
| Tables_in_perpustakaan |
+------------------------+
| anggota |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc anggota;
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(5) | YES | | NULL | |
| nama | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| alamat | char(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| JK | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| pekerjaan | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table anggota id id char(5) primary key;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'id id char(5) primary key' at line 1
mysql> alter table anggota id id char(5) primary key;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'id id char(5) primary key' at line 1
mysql>
mysql> alter table anggota change id id char(5) primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc anggota;
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| nama | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| alamat | char(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| JK | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| pekerjaan | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into anggota values('001','yusuf','ciguruwik','L','mahasiwa');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> desc anggota;
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| nama | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| alamat | char(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| JK | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| pekerjaan | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+------------------------+
| Tables_in_perpustakaan |
+------------------------+
| anggota |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into anggota values('021','sena','PB','L','mahasiwa');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into anggota values('002','aink','suka senang','L','mahasiwa');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into anggota values('003','aku','suka senang','L','mahasiwa');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into anggota values('004','diriku','suka senang','L','mahasiwa');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into anggota values('005','the girl','suka senang','P','mahasiwa');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select*from anggota;
+-----+----------+-------------+------+-----------+
| id | nama | alamat | JK | pekerjaan |
+-----+----------+-------------+------+-----------+
| 001 | yusuf | ciguruwik | L | mahasiwa |
| 021 | sena | PB | L | mahasiwa |
| 002 | aink | suka senang | L | mahasiwa |
| 003 | aku | suka senang | L | mahasiwa |
| 004 | diriku | suka senang | L | mahasiwa |
| 005 | the girl | suka senang | P | mahasiwa |
+-----+----------+-------------+------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> alter table anggota change jk gender char(20);
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select*from anggota;
+-----+----------+-------------+--------+-----------+
| id | nama | alamat | gender | pekerjaan |
+-----+----------+-------------+--------+-----------+
| 001 | yusuf | ciguruwik | L | mahasiwa |
| 021 | sena | PB | L | mahasiwa |
| 002 | aink | suka senang | L | mahasiwa |
| 003 | aku | suka senang | L | mahasiwa |
| 004 | diriku | suka senang | L | mahasiwa |
| 005 | the girl | suka senang | P | mahasiwa |
+-----+----------+-------------+--------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select nama, alamat from anggota;
+----------+-------------+
| nama | alamat |
+----------+-------------+
| yusuf | ciguruwik |
| sena | PB |
| aink | suka senang |
| aku | suka senang |
| diriku | suka senang |
| the girl | suka senang |
+----------+-------------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql>